A simulator is a device, computer program, or system that performs simulation. A simulation is a method for implementing a model (see model types) over time.

There are three (3) types of commonly uses simulations: [1]

1. Live: Simulation involving real people operating real systems
   • Involve individuals or groups
   • May use actual equipment
   • Should provide a similar area of operations
   • Should be close to replicating the actual activity
2. Virtual: Simulation involving real people operating simulated systems. Virtual simulations inject Human-In-The-Loop in a central role by exercising:
   • Motor control skills (e.g., flying an airplane)
   • Decision skills (e.g., committing fire control resources to action)
   • Communication skills (e.g., members of a C4I team)
3. Constructive: Simulation involving simulated people operating simulated systems. Real people can stimulate (make inputs) but are not involved in determining outcomes. Constructive simulations offer the ability to:
   • Analyze concepts
   • Predict possible outcomes
   • Stress large organizations
   • Make measurements
   • Generate statistics
   • Perform analysis

Human-In-The-Loop simulations, also known as simulators, are a special class of simulations.

AcqLinks and References:

• Modeling & Simulation Guidance for the Acquisition Workforce – Oct 208
• DoD Instruction 5000.61 “DoD M&S Verification, Validation, and Accreditation (VV&A)” – 9 Dec 2009
• DoD 5000.59 “DoD Modeling and Simulation (M&S) Management” – 8 Aug 2007
• DoD “M&S Body of Knowledge (BOK)” – June 2008
• DoD 5000.59-M “M&S Glossary” – Jan 1998
• DoD “M&S Glossary” – 1 Oct 2011
• Acquisition Modeling and Simulation Master Plan – 17 April 2006
• White Paper: JHU APL “Best Practices for the Development of M&A” – June 10
• White Paper: Introduction to Modeling and Simulation by Anu Maria
• White Paper: Introduction to Modeling and Simulation
• Presentation: Manager’s Guide to the High-Level Architecture (HLA) for M&S – 11 May 2009
• Website: Air Force Agency for Modeling and Simulation
• Website: Army Modeling and Simulation Office
• Website: DoD M&S Coordination Office (MSCO)
• Website: DoD M&S Catalog
• Website: Simulate Interoperability Standards Organization (SISO)

Updated: 7/10/2021

Rank: G1